LaTeX中的数学模式有两种形式:

• inline 和 display。

  • 前者是指在正文插入行间数学公式,后者独立排列,可以有或没有编号。

• 行间公式(inline)

  • 用$将公式括起来。

• 块间公式(displayed)

  • 用$$将公式括起来是无编号的形式
  • 还有[.....]的无编号独立公式形式但Markdown好像不支持。
  • 块间元素默认是居中显示的。

各类希腊字母编辑表

运算符

+, -, \pm, \mp, \dotplus \\
\times, \div, \divideontimes, /, \backslash \\
\cdot, * \ast, \star, \circ, \bullet \\
\boxplus, \boxminus, \boxtimes, \boxdot \\
\oplus, \ominus, \otimes, \oslash, \odot \\
\circleddash, \circledcirc, \circledast \\
\bigoplus, \bigotimes, \bigodot

$$+, -, \pm, \mp, \dotplus \
\times, \div, \divideontimes, /, \backslash \
\cdot, * \ast, \star, \circ, \bullet \
\boxplus, \boxminus, \boxtimes, \boxdot \
\oplus, \ominus, \otimes, \oslash, \odot \
\circleddash, \circledcirc, \circledast \
\bigoplus, \bigotimes, \bigodot$$

上下标、根号、省略号

x_i,x^2,x^{i1},\sqrt[3]{2},\cdots

$$x_i,x^2,x^{i1},sqrt[3]{2},\cdots$$

声调 / 变音符号

\dot{a}, \ddot{a}, \acute{a}, \grave{a}

$$\dot{a}, \ddot{a}, \acute{a}, \grave{a}$$

\check{a}, \breve{a}, \tilde{a}, \bar{a}

$$\check{a}, \breve{a}, \tilde{a}, \bar{a}$$

\hat{a}, \vec{a}

$$\hat{a}, \vec{a}$$

标准函数

指数

\exp_a b = a^b, \exp b = e^b, 10^m

$$\exp_a b = a^b, \exp b = e^b, 10^m$$

对数

\ln c, \lg d = \log e, \log_{10} f

$$\ln c, \lg d = \log e, \log_{10} f$$

三角函数

\sin a, \cos b, \tan c, \cot d, \sec e, \csc f \\
\arcsin a, \arccos b, \arctan c \\
\arccot d, \arcsec e, \arccsc f \\
\sinh a, \cosh b, \tanh c, \coth d \\
\operatorname{sh}k, \operatorname{ch}l, \operatorname{th}m, \operatorname{coth}n \\
\operatorname{argsh}o, \operatorname{argch}p, \operatorname{argth}q

$$\sin a, \cos b, \tan c, \cot d, \sec e, \csc f \
\arcsin a, \arccos b, \arctan c \
arccot d, arcsec e, arccsc f \
\sinh a, \cosh b, \tanh c, \coth d \
\operatorname{sh}k, \operatorname{ch}l, \operatorname{th}m, \operatorname{coth}n \
\operatorname{argsh}o, \operatorname{argch}p, \operatorname{argth}q$$

符号函数,绝对值

\sgn r, \left\vert s \right\vert

$$sgn r, \left\vert s \right\vert$$

最大值,最小值

\min(x,y), \max(x,y)

$$\min(x,y), \max(x,y)$$

界限,极限

\min x, \max y, \inf s, \sup t \\
\lim u, \liminf v, \limsup w \\
\lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{1}{n(n+1)}\\
\dim p, \deg q, \det m, \ker\phi

$$\min x, \max y, \inf s, \sup t \
\lim u, \liminf v, \limsup w \
\lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{1}{n(n+1)}\
\dim p, \deg q, \det m, \ker\phi$$

投射

\Pr j, \hom l, \lVert z \rVert, \arg z

$$\Pr j, \hom l, \lVert z \rVert, \arg z$$

微分及导数

dt, \mathrm{d}t, \partial t, \nabla\psi \\
dy/dx, \mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}x, \frac{dy}{dx}, \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}, \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_1\partial x_2}y \\
\prime, \backprime, f^\prime, f', f'', f^{(3)}, \dot y, \ddot y

$$dt, \mathrm{d}t, \partial t, \nabla\psi \
dy/dx, \mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}x, \frac{dy}{dx}, \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}, \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_1\partial x_2}y \
\prime, \backprime, f^\prime, f', f'', f^{(3)}, \dot y, \ddot y$$

类字母符号及常数

\infty, \aleph, \complement, \backepsilon, \eth, \Finv, \hbar \\
\Im, \imath, \jmath, \Bbbk, \ell, \mho, \wp, \Re, \circledS

$$\infty, \aleph, \complement, \backepsilon, \eth, \Finv, \hbar \
\Im, \imath, \jmath, \Bbbk, \ell, \mho, \wp, \Re, \circledS$$

模运算

s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m} \\
a \bmod b \\
\gcd(m, n), \operatorname{lcm}(m, n) \\
\mid, \nmid, \shortmid, \nshortmid

$$s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m} \
a \bmod b \
\gcd(m, n), \operatorname{lcm}(m, n) \
\mid, \nmid, \shortmid, \nshortmid$$

根号

\surd, \sqrt{2}, \sqrt[n]{}, \sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3+y^3}{2}}

$$\surd, \sqrt{2}, \sqrt[n]{}, \sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3+y^3}{2}}$$